Climate change is increasingly recognized as a major global public health concern, with wide-ranging effects on human health. It contributes to the rising burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases through direct and indirect pathways. Understanding community knowledge regarding climate change-related health problems is essential for planning effective health education and preventive strategies. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding health problems related to climate change among people in selected community areas of Mehsana city. A quantitative research approach with a descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study. A total of 200 participants aged 18 years and above were selected using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured demographic data sheet and a structured knowledge questionnaire consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that 30% of participants had poor knowledge, 46% had average knowledge, and only 24% had good knowledge regarding health problems related to climate change. The overall mean knowledge score was 11.0 out of 20 (55%), indicating an average level of knowledge among participants. Area-wise analysis showed that knowledge was highest regarding vulnerable populations (63%) and lowest regarding health impacts of climate change (50%). Significant associations were found between knowledge level and educational qualification (p < 0.05) as well as participation in environmental awareness programs (p < 0.05). No significant association was observed with age, gender, occupation, residential area, or source of information. The study concludes that although the overall knowledge regarding health problems related to climate change was average, a considerable proportion of the population demonstrated poor knowledge. These findings highlight the need for structured health education programs, community awareness initiatives, and increased engagement in environmental education activities to enhance public understanding of climate change and its health consequences.